Online Lesson: The Three Models of Communication
Lesson Objectives:
By the end of this lesson, students will be able to:
- Describe the three primary models of interpersonal communication: Linear, Interactional, and Transactional.
- Identify the components of each model.
- Apply each model to real-life communication scenarios, particularly in healthcare settings.
- Analyze the effectiveness of communication strategies based on different models.
Lesson Content
1. The Linear Model of Communication
Description: The Linear Model, developed by Shannon and Weaver in 1949, is a one-way process where a message is transmitted from a sender to a receiver without any feedback. This model is typically used in mass communication and is less interactive than other models.
Components:
- Sender: Initiates the message.
- Message: The content being communicated.
- Channel: The medium through which the message is sent.
- Receiver: The person who receives the message.
- Noise: Any interference that distorts the message.
Example: A healthcare professional giving a public health announcement via radio or television, where the audience cannot respond directly.
Image of Linear Model: Insert image of the linear model showing sender, message, channel, receiver, and noise.
2. The Interactional Model of Communication
Description: The Interactional Model, introduced by Wilbur Schramm in 1954, allows for two-way communication, including feedback from the receiver. Communication is more interactive, and feedback helps clarify or affirm the message.
Components:
- Sender: Initiates the communication.
- Message: The information being communicated.
- Channel: The medium used to deliver the message.
- Receiver: The individual who receives the message and provides feedback.
- Noise: Any interference that affects communication.
- Feedback: The response from the receiver, which allows for clarification.
Example: A nurse explaining a treatment plan to a patient, where the patient asks follow-up questions for clarification.
Image of Interactional Model: Insert image of the interactional model showing sender, receiver, message, feedback, and noise.
3. The Transactional Model of Communication
Description: The Transactional Model, developed by Dean Barnlund in 1970, describes communication as a dynamic, continuous process where all participants are simultaneously senders and receivers. The context and environment in which communication takes place are crucial for understanding and interpretation.
Components:
- Communicators: Both participants are sending and receiving messages.
- Messages: The information exchanged, both verbal and nonverbal.
- Channels: The various means of communication (e.g., speech, body language).
- Noise: Any form of interference.
- Feedback: Continuous feedback is given and received.
- Context: The environment and circumstances surrounding the communication.
Example: A doctor and patient engaging in a conversation where both parties share information, emotions, and feedback continuously, interpreting each other's verbal and nonverbal cues.
Image of Transactional Model: Insert image of the transactional model showing continuous communication between communicators, including context, messages, feedback, and noise.
Multiple-Choice Questions
Which model of communication is best described as a one-way process without feedback?
- A. Transactional Model
- B. Interactional Model
- C. Linear Model
- D. Contextual Model
In which communication model does feedback play a role?
- A. Linear Model
- B. Transactional Model
- C. Contextual Model
- D. None of the above
What is a key feature of the Transactional Model of communication?
- A. It involves only verbal messages.
- B. It includes noise but no feedback.
- C. Both participants are senders and receivers simultaneously.
- D. It is one-directional.
What component of communication refers to anything that disrupts or distorts the message?
- A. Noise
- B. Feedback
- C. Channel
- D. Sender
Which model is most effective in real-time conversations with ongoing exchange of feedback?
- A. Linear Model
- B. Interactional Model
- C. Transactional Model
- D. None of the above
See answers at the end of the lesson.
Discussion Scenarios: Application of Communication Models in Healthcare
Scenario 1: The Linear Model in a Healthcare Setting
A doctor records a video message explaining the importance of vaccination to the general public. The video is broadcasted on a public health channel with no opportunity for viewers to ask questions.
Discussion Prompt: Analyze the effectiveness of using the Linear Model in this scenario. What are the limitations of one-way communication in healthcare?
Scenario 2: The Interactional Model in a Patient Consultation
A nurse explains post-surgical care instructions to a patient. The patient asks for clarification on a few points, and the nurse answers the questions.
Discussion Prompt: How does the Interactional Model improve the patient’s understanding in this scenario? Why is feedback important in healthcare communication?
Scenario 3: The Transactional Model in a Team Meeting
A group of healthcare professionals discusses a complex case in a team meeting. Everyone contributes, shares insights, and responds to verbal and nonverbal cues during the discussion.
Discussion Prompt: In what ways does the Transactional Model enhance communication in this collaborative healthcare setting? How does context influence the interaction?
Discussion Scenarios: Application of Communication Models in Business Settings
Scenario 1: The Linear Model in Business Communication
A company CEO sends a mass email to all employees announcing a new corporate policy. The email clearly outlines the changes, but no responses or feedback are requested or expected.
Discussion Prompt: How effective is the Linear Model in delivering corporate messages like this? What are the potential drawbacks of one-way communication in a business environment where feedback may be valuable?
Scenario 2: The Interactional Model in Client Negotiation
A sales representative is negotiating a deal with a potential client over the phone. The client asks questions about the product’s pricing and features, and the representative provides answers, ensuring the client’s concerns are addressed.
Discussion Prompt: How does the Interactional Model improve negotiation outcomes in this business setting? Why is it important for the sales representative to receive and respond to client feedback?
Scenario 3: The Transactional Model in a Team Project Meeting
A project team in a marketing department is brainstorming ideas for a new campaign. During the meeting, everyone is sharing ideas, reacting to others' suggestions, and building on one another’s thoughts, both verbally and nonverbally.
Discussion Prompt: How does the Transactional Model enhance collaboration in this team setting? In what ways do nonverbal cues and continuous feedback contribute to the effectiveness of communication during team meetings?
Answers to Multiple-Choice Questions:
- C. Linear Model
- B. Transactional Model
- C. Both participants are senders and receivers simultaneously.
- A. Noise
- C. Transactional Model
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